A pretty patina can lend a stunning look to copper. Its green-blue coating contrasts beautifully against the reddish gold, making the patina a desirable effect for some people who love the aesthetic. Patina can also be a marker of time and age on copper and can even add to its value. While keeping your copper clean is important, you may want to clean it in a way that doesn't disrupt or strip back the patina. From elbow grease to gentle polishes, we share tips and techniques to help you clean your copper without affecting the patina.
Understanding Patina on Copper
Definition and Formation: You have probably come across a patina on copper before. Old pennies, the Statue of Liberty, antiques, and even your own copper kitchenware and copper jewelry may have a patina. Patina is a natural process when the copper is exposed to oxygen, water, and even the oils in your skin. It is the process of oxidation - when the oxygen reacts with carbonate, sulfate, or chloride salt. This can take years but can also be faster if exposure levels are higher. Natural patinas will then change the copper coloring from reddish gold and introduce new colors - blue, green, brown, and black- all part of the patina rainbow.
The Value of Patina: Some people like the patina effect and prefer to keep it intact, especially on antique and decorative items. Patina can add a piece's depth, character, texture, and personality. It also adds a sense of authenticity to vintage copper pieces. While some may see patina as a form of corrosion on copper, it is the opposite. Patina adds a protective layer to your pieces; once the patina has formed, it helps prevent corrosion. This can be desirable, especially on outdoor copper items that are more prone to exposure and the buildup of tarnish.
Preparing to Clean Copper with Patina
Assessment: Before cleaning your copper, you want to make an assessment of the item and the condition of the patina so you know what you are dealing with. A visual inspection is a great start - paying attention to areas where the patina has formed intricate colors and patterns you want to keep intact. Gently touch the patina to see how stable it is - if it doesn't flake or peel, then this area is safe to clean; if it is fragile, you may need to wait more time to stabilize or clean very gently. You also want to check for black tarnish or corrosion beneath the patina, as any underlying issues need addressing.
Materials Needed:
- Soft cloth or brush
- Warm water
- Homemade copper cleaner - (fresh lemon juice, white vinegar, mild dish soap, table salt, baking powder)
- Commercial copper cleaner
Cleaning Methods That Preserve Patina
Gentle Cleaning Solution: Make a mild cleaning solution for lightly soiled copper that won't strip the patina from the copper surface. A simple solution of mild dish soap and water can be enough. Dip a soft cloth or sponge into the soapy water, wring it out, and wipe the surface of your copper in circular motions. Afterward, wipe away any soapy residue and buff the copper with a clean, dry cloth to prevent water marks.
Isopropyl Alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol can also remove grease and oils from your copper without affecting the patina. Dampen a soft cloth or soft sponge with the alcohol and run across the surface of copper. Go light on the amount you use, as too much may remove the patina. You can rinse and dry your copper when you have removed grease and oil.
Acetone Application: If you have tougher grime stains and need a heavier approach to cleaning without disrupting the copper patina, an acetone application could do the job. First, you want to do a small patch test on an inconspicuous area of the copper to check if it leaves the patina intact. Add the acetone to a cotton wool ball or clean, soft cloth and run it over the surface of the copper. Don't be afraid of adding light pressure to remove stubborn stains. Rinse thoroughly with clean hot water and dry.
Simple Green Cleaner: You can make a simple green cleaner for cleaning your copper. A cup of vinegar, a tablespoon of salt, and lemon juice can be an easy way to make a paste to apply to the surface of your copper, which will clean tough stains from tarnished copper. If you have a heavy tarnish, you can also use a layer of ketchup on the surface of the copper to remove it, although leaving it too long may strip the patina,
Rinsing and Drying: It's very important to thoroughly rinse and dry your copper after applying any cleaning paste. Leaving your copper to air dry can also lead to rust if water is left on the surface. Use hot water to rinse, dry properly, and then use a soft lint-free cloth to polish and buff the item to bring out the best in the bright copper surface. Ensuring you finish your cleaning this way prevents water spots, which can affect the beauty of the copper.
Protective Measures After Cleaning
Sealing the Patina: Sealing your beloved copper pieces will further protect the patina and help ensure your copper doesn't suffer future tarnish and damage. You can use products specially designed for sealing copper, such as SimpleCoat. You can also use renaissance wax and spray laquer products as long as they are suitable for copper. Ensure your copper is well-cleaned prior to sealing so you don't trap any dirt or debris.
Regular Maintenance: Regular maintenance of your copper items can also keep your copper clean and the patina undisturbed. Gently dusting with a dry cloth can ensure your copper is kept clean and polishing your copper will keep it's original luster looking good. Always avoid abrasive cleaning methods and periodically check your copper pieces for damage and tarnish to keep on top of it before it worsens.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Harsh Chemicals and Abrasives: One of the most common mistakes you can make is using abrasive or harsh chemicals when cleaning your copper. Anything containing excess acid or ammonia can strip away the blue-green patina. Avoid rough sponges, steel wool, abrasive cloths, or stiff and abrasive scrub brushes along with excess elbow grease, as this can remove the patina and even scratch the surface of the copper.
Over-Cleaning: While you want to keep your copper shiny and bright, avoid the temptation to over clean as this will gradually wear down and rub away the patina. A light dust and buffing with a clean soft cloth can work wonders rather than delving into a deep clean.
Conclusion
Keeping the patina is often an aesthetic choice for those who want their copper pieces to have more character and color. It's worth remembering that patina also adds a protective layer and is simply part of the natural aging process and the journey of copper and should be embraced in all its beauty. Explore our copper jewelry pieces, bamboo clothes, and healing bracelets for women to find something special that speaks to your soul.
FAQs
What is the best cleaner for old copper?
The best cleaner for old copper can start with a homemade vinegar solution that uses water, salt, vinegar, or lemon juice. For heavily tarnished copper, you can also make a paste with baking soda and vinegar. A bottle of ketchup can also be used to clean old copper, as the acidity of ketchup can break down the tarnish.
What should you not clean copper with?
When cleaning copper, you should avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaning equipment. Avoid abrasive cleaners, brushes, rough sponges, abrasive scrubbing pads, steel wool, or other aggressive methods. Stick to soft bristle brushes, soft cloths, and gentle methods that won't scratch the surface of the copper.
Should you clean antique copper?
Yes, if the copper is heavily tarnished, you may want to clean it. White vinegar and table salt are simple and safe methods of cleaning your copper. Make a paste by combining the two and gently apply it with a soft cloth, rubbing it into the surface. Be sure to rinse and dry thoroughly. You can also use special cleaning products and copper polishes designed to preserve the beauty of copper.
